PEM electrolyzers have emerged as a promising technology for the green production of hydrogen. These devices utilize a proton exchange membrane (PEM) to split water into its constituent elements: oxygen and hydrogen. The PEM acts as a selective barrier, allowing protons to travel between while blocking the passage of ions. This mechanism results in

PEM electrolyzer technology has undergone significant advancements in recent years, driven by the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions. These advancements include improvements in catalyst materials, membrane durability, and system architecture. As a result, PEM electrolyzers are becoming increasingly competitive for various app